UAV LiDAR
Laser scanning from a drone for terrain and corridor coverage.
Ground returns depend on canopy and survey conditions; ordinary topographic LiDAR does not map submerged ground.
Mapping & LiDAR
Laser measurements that describe the shape of land, buildings and spaces.
Conventional LiDAR records one return on open ground and can record multiple discrete returns through vegetation; point density is specified in points/m² for the task.
LAS/LAZ point clouds can carry classifications such as ground, vegetation and buildings; classification is a processing deliverable, not a property of every raw return.
TLS gives dense line-of-sight geometry from fixed stations; SLAM prioritises connected mobile mapping and must be tied to control when survey coordinates are required.
Laser scanning from a drone for terrain and corridor coverage.
Ground returns depend on canopy and survey conditions; ordinary topographic LiDAR does not map submerged ground.
Detailed scanning from stationary ground positions.
Line-of-sight occlusion and registration must be managed.
Georeferenced scanning and imagery captured while travelling.
Terrestrial mobile mapping is subject to Indian-entity restrictions and positioning checks.
Map connected spaces where satellite positioning is weak.
Drift, loop closure and control need validation; hazardous areas need suitable equipment.
Capture accessible underground geometry using specialist robotic or scanning systems.
Mine access, atmosphere assessment and specialist vendor approval are prerequisites.
Measure exposed rock geometry for geotechnical interpretation.
Qualified geologist/geotechnical review is separate from point-cloud capture.
UAV suits broad outdoor coverage, TLS detailed fixed viewpoints, and mobile/SLAM connected routes or interiors. The survey objective and access determine the combination.
Some laser pulses can reach ground through canopy openings. Dense cover can still create gaps that require supplementary observations.
SLAM can be tied to survey coordinates when suitable control and validation are used. A locally consistent model is not, by itself, a georeferenced survey.
Only when scan-to-BIM is defined in the agreed scope. Point clouds, classified surfaces and modelled building objects are different deliverables.
Point density describes how many LiDAR points are recorded over an area, commonly expressed as points per square metre. The required density is set by the task, terrain and acceptance specification rather than by a universal website promise.
Select aerial coverage, fixed-station detail or mobile access to match the site.
Specify registration, point classification and control before acquisition.
Deliver the required surfaces and point cloud with coverage and quality checks.
Ground returns depend on canopy and survey conditions; ordinary topographic LiDAR does not map submerged ground.
Line-of-sight occlusion and registration must be managed.
Terrestrial mobile mapping is subject to Indian-entity restrictions and positioning checks.
Drift, loop closure and control need validation; hazardous areas need suitable equipment.
Mine access, atmosphere assessment and specialist vendor approval are prerequisites.
Qualified geologist/geotechnical review is separate from point-cloud capture.
Conventional LiDAR can record multiple discrete returns; point-density requirements are stated in points per square metre and are project/specification dependent. U.S. Geological Survey (3DEP)
LAS 1.4 supports classified point-cloud delivery; classification is a defined processing/QA scope. U.S. Geological Survey (3DEP)
Ministry of Civil Aviation / Directorate General of Civil Aviation
Department of Science and Technology
U.S. Geological Survey (3DEP)
Your project
LiDAR survey (UAV / TLS / Mobile SLAM)
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