GNSS, total-station and levelling monitoring
Measure repeat positions/levels against stable references.
Reference stability and observation frequency must suit the hazard.
Monitoring
Measure movement of ground or structures over time.
Deformation monitoring measures displacement relative to stable control; uncertainty must be smaller than the movement that matters.
Ground instruments, repeat scans and InSAR observe movement differently and can be combined for different spatial/temporal scales.
Action thresholds are engineering decisions tied to asset risk, not generic website values.
Measure repeat positions/levels against stable references.
Reference stability and observation frequency must suit the hazard.
Compare surveyed geometry across dates.
Registration and detection limits must be adequate for the expected movement.
Interpret radar observations of line-of-sight surface movement.
Geometry, coherence, revisit data and ground validation limit interpretation.
Provide measured geometry for geotechnical assessment.
Mapping does not by itself certify slope stability.
A monitoring system has measurement, coverage and response limitations. A responsible engineer must define the monitoring and emergency-response plan.
The method measures an intermediate quantity that requires interpretation. InSAR primarily measures displacement along the radar line of sight; additional geometry or ground data is needed for broader interpretation.
The method must resolve movement at the scale that matters to the asset. Control stability, observation frequency and measurement uncertainty are designed around that threshold.
The asset owner’s competent engineering and safety team sets the thresholds and response responsibilities. Lotusmirk coordinates the contracted measurement/reporting workflow.
Select ground instruments, repeat scans or satellite methods for the movement question.
Separate measurement uncertainty from observed displacement.
A competent engineer defines thresholds and the action plan for safety-critical monitoring.
Reference stability and observation frequency must suit the hazard.
Registration and detection limits must be adequate for the expected movement.
Geometry, coherence, revisit data and ground validation limit interpretation.
Mapping does not by itself certify slope stability.
Ministry of Civil Aviation / Directorate General of Civil Aviation
Department of Science and Technology
U.S. Geological Survey (3DEP)
US Geological Survey
Your project
Deformation & slope monitoring
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